DH 2026

Daejeon, July 27–31

Thu, July 3011:00–12:30S056209-211
Short Paper

Engagement Through Curation and Instruction: A Librarian’s Perspective on Assessing Student Success in Digital Humanities Projects

Kathryn New
Mississippi State University Libraries, United States of America · knew@library.msstate.edu
Lauren Geiger
Mississippi State University Libraries, United States of America · lgeiger@library.msstate.edu

Introduction

Digital Humanities (DH) projects are often assessed by metrics (web traffic, visual design, etc.) relating to the final product. This focus on the end-product, however, forgets a key element in DH projects: the people. This proposal seeks to answer this largely missing question: how do we measure the success of the people and processes involved in creating DH projects? This study focuses on librarian-supported, student-led DH projects at Mississippi State University (MSU) and proposes a process-focused metric of engagement that reflects learning, collaboration, and curatorial decision-making.

Background and Significance

MSU is a Carnegie Research 1, land-grant institution

According to the Association of Public and Land Grant Universities, ‘land grant institutions’ were created under either the Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1990 or the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 to educate the public of the state. These institutions’ primary research areas are in agriculture, and any information created by institution is to be shared with the public.

in a predominately rural and socioeconomically challenged

According to a publication released by McKenzie Boyce through the MSU Extension Services ((see bibliography for reference), Mississippi is historically one of the poorest states in the United States, with 20% of the population living in poverty, almost 16% percent does not have a bank account, and less than 50% having emergency savings. These poverty factors have a dramatic effect on the children of the state, who become students at MSU (see Footnote 3).

state whose population reflects said state

According to the Carnegie Classifications (see bibliography for reference) 23.6% of MSU’s students are from unrepresented populations and 29% of the students receive Pell Grants. A news article by Ashli Coggins from April 2025, cites that 38% of MSU’s students are first generation, which means neither of their parents attended college.

. To address the state’s challenges, MSU is focusing on experiential learning

Experiential Learning is a theory created by David A. Kolb, that focuses on how people have improved learning through experiences over other methods (such as lectures). Experiential learning exercises contain four parts (Experiencing, Reflecting, Thinking, Acting) and can contain transferable skills to help the learners better navigate life.

goals. To assist this goal, we focus on incorporating Omeka-based digital exhibits as an option for students’ final projects. As well-rounded subject experts, MSU librarians act as the main instructors for these projects and work collaboratively with instructors to ensure course goals are met within the parameters of the software. This proposal offers a new lens for evaluating DH pedagogy by recognizing that engagement, process, and labor are central to successful project outcomes. By shifting the assessment from end results to learning process, this framework analyzes a series of student-driven DH projects using the following guiding questions:

  • What indicators can capture the quality of instructional collaboration between librarians, students, and faculty?
  • How do students demonstrate connection to archival or primary source materials throughout the project development process?
  • Can people and process-focused metrics offer more holistic and equitable assessment practices for DH instruction?

Literature Review

The focus on process over end-product comes from two points. One, DH pedagogy in educational practice is limited (Georgopoulou et al 2025). Two, humanities focuses on the end-product instead of the “messy” parts of “discovery and experimentation…where methodologies are used and developed (Mittell 2019: 228).” By embracing the malleable and “messy” parts of student engagement while they are creating their exhibits, we emphasize techniques and information that is applicable to their remaining academic careers and future professional careers (Kennedy 2017; Fredericks et al 2004). For this paper, we define student engagement along the lines of learning engagement, which narrows the focus to students' involvement or student work in the learning activities of DH projects (Wong / Liem 2022; Tracey / Hoiem 2017).

Our argument builds on educational psychology theories originating from Natriello’s (1984) participation model that student participation in school activities is an area to be studied. This includes Finn’s (1989; Finn et al 1991) concept to include behavior in the participation-identification model which provides a basis for evaluating how students interact with educational processes. We heavily focus on Salmela-Aro and Upadaya’s (2012) schoolwork engagement perspective model and add to it time and agentic engagement (Reeve / Tseng 2011) to focus on how the length of instruction and student agency effects how engaged they are with the materials. This aligns with our goal of centering students within the process, an aim shared by Geiger et al (2025) who seek to meet individuals where they are while helping them develop digital curation skills.

This literature review does not cover all topics that will be included such as experiential learning (Kolb / Fry 1975; Breunig 2005; Bethell / Morgan 2011; Quinn / Shurville 2009) and assessment (Yates et al. 2015; Gibbs 2006; Breunig 2005; Qualters 2010; Wilson et al. 2024).

Methodology and Framework

To answer the proposed questions, we created a post and pre-course survey to give students in the two standing courses (one in the English Department and the other in Art) that have Omeka as an option for the final project. Students who were interested in Omeka took the pre-course survey and only students who completed the project took the post-course survey. The survey’s questions were designed to gather a baseline for the students’ knowledge and then see if they could expand on or retain their knowledge. The survey results combined with course parameter and expectations created with the faculty members (Giannetti 2017; Millson-Martula / Gunn 2017) and observational data allow us to evaluate the two main themes in our study: instructional contact time and student connection to materials.

Instructional contact time measures the frequency and depth of interactions between students and librarians, ranging from classroom-based instruction to one-on-one consultations. The contact reflects how students seek guidance on the project, and their ability to conduct a collaborative dialogue. Some metrics that support our analysis include metadata accuracy, page design, incorporation of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) principles, and software access data.

Connection to materials measures how much autonomy the students had in the curatorial choices of their exhibit, including selecting the item, and item interpretation. Assignment design plays a significant role in shaping this connection; therefore, assignment parameters and instructional scaffolding are integral to our analysis. These metrics allow us to contextualize student activity and instruction impact through a qualitative lens

Early observations from Arts and Humanities courses suggest that increased instructor and librarian engagements correlate with stronger student understanding and investment in the DH process. These people-centered metrics highlight areas of growth within the students that final products alone cannot be captured. We are still refining our survey instrument and data collections methods to most accurately capture the process over the final product.

Conclusion

By reevaluating what “success” looks like in Digital Humanities projects, this study argues for an assessment model that values the collaborative, people-centered process that shape DH work. This holistic pedagogical approach emphasizes inclusive teaching practices and better reflects the complex realities of student engagement while also emphasizing the transferability of technical and soft skills beyond Omeka, to other software, which will help them navigate the ever-changing digital landscape.

References
  1. Association of Public & Land-Grant Universities (n.d.): Land-Grant University FAQ. <https://www.aplu.org/about-us/history-of-aplu/what-is-a-land-grant-university/> [30.4.2026]
  2. Bethell, Sally / Morgan, Kevin (2011): “Problem-Based and Experiential Learning: Engaging Students in an Undergraduate Physical Education Module”, in: Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education 10, 1: 128-134.
  3. Boyce, Mckenzie / Kim, Ayoung / Smith, Rebecca / Barefield, Alan (2025): Mississippi Economic and Financial Well-Being: Patterns and Trends (Publication P3912). Mississippi State University Extension. <https://extension.msstate.edu/publications/mississippi-economic-and-financial-well-being-patterns-and-trends> [1.5.2026]
  4. Breunig, Mary (2005): “Turning experiential education and critical pedagogy theory into Praxis”, in: Journal of Experiential Education 28, 2: 106-122. doi:10.1177/105382590502800205
  5. Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (n.d.): Mississippi State University – Student Access and Earnings Classification. <https://carnegieclassifications.acenet.edu/institution/mississippi-state-university/> [30.4.206]
  6. Coggins, Ashli (2025): Mississippi State recognized as national leader in advancing first-generation student success. <https://www.msstate.edu/newsroom/article/2025/04/mississippi-state-recognized-national-leader-advancing-first-generation> [30.4.2026]
  7. Finn, Jeremy (1989): “Withdrawing From School”, in: Review of Educational Research 59, 2: 117-142. doi.org/10.3102/00346543059002117
  8. Finn, Jeremy / Folger, John / Cox, Deborah (1991): “Measuring Participation among Elementary Grade Students”, in: Educational and Psychological Measurement 51, 2: 393-402. doi.org/10.1177/0013164491512013
  9. Fredricks, Jennifer A. / Blumenfeld, Phyllis. C. / Paris, Alison H. (2004): “School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence”, in: Review of Educational Research 74, 1: 59-109. doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059
  10. Georgopoulou, Maria Sofia / Troussas, Christos / Triperina, Evangelia / Sgouropoulou, Cleo (2025): “Approaches to Digital Humanities Pedagogy: a systematic literature review within educational practice”, in Digital Scholarships in the Humanities 40, 1: 121-137. doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqae054
  11. Giannetti, Francesca (2017): “Against the grain: Reading for the challenges of collaborative digital humanities pedagogy”, in Colleges & Undergraduate Libraries 24, 2: 257-269. doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2017.1340217
  12. Gibbs, Graham (2006): “How assessment frames student learning”, in: Bryan, Cordelia / Clegg Karen (eds.): Innovative assessment in higher education. Routledge: 23-36. doi.org/10.4324/9780203969670
  13. Geiger, Lauren / New, Kathryn / Siniscalchi, Carolina (2025): “From the research cycle to the people cycle: Humanizing digital curation”, in: International Journal of Digital Curation 19, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v19i1.1058.
  14. Kennedy, Kara (2017): “A Long-Belated Welcome: Accepting Digital Humanities Methods into Non-DH Classrooms”, in Digital Humanities Quarterly 11, 3. doi.org/10.63744/dfkhhwv89hvd
  15. Kolb, David Allen / Fry, Ronald E. (1975): “Toward an applied theory of experiential learning”, in Cooper, Cary (ed.): Theories of Group Process. Wiley 33–57.
  16. Millson-Martula, Christopher / Gunn, Kevin (2017): “The digital humanities: Implications for librarians, libraries, and librarianship”, in Colleges & Undergraduate Libraries 24, 2: 135-139. doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2017.1387011
  17. Mittell, Jason (2019): “Chapter 20 Videographic Criticism as a Digital Humanities Method”, in Gold, Matthew K (ed): Debates in the Digital Humanities 2019. University of Minnesota Press 224-242.
  18. Natriello, Gary (1984): “Problems in the evaluation of students and student disengagement from secondary schools”, in: Journal of Research and Development in Education, 17, 4: 14–24.
  19. Qualters, Donna (2010): “Bringing the outside in: Assessing experiential education”, in: New Directions for Teaching and Learning 2010, 124: 55–62. doi.org/10.1002/tl.421
  20. Quinn, Donna / Shurville, Simon (2009): “From little things big things grow: scaling-up assessment of experiential learning”, in: Campus-Wide Information Systems 26, 5: 329–344. doi.org/10.1108/10650740911004769
  21. Reeve, Johnmarshall / Tseng, Ching-Mei (2011): “Agency as a fourth aspect of student engagement during learning activities”, in: Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36, 4: 257–267. doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2011.05.002
  22. Salmela-Aro, Katariina / Upadaya, Katja (2012): “The schoolwork engagement inventory: energy, dedication, and absorption (EDA)”, in: European Journal of Psychological Assessment 28, 1: 60–67. doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000091.
  23. Schaufeli, Wilmar B. / Martínez, Isabel M. / Marques Pinto, Alexandra / Salanova, Marisa / Bakker, Arnold B. (2002): “Burnout and engagement in university students: a cross-national study”, in: Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 33, 5: 464–481. doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003.
  24. Tracey, Daniel G. / Hoiem, Elizabeth Massa (2017): “Scaffolding and Play Approaches to Digital Humanities Pedagogy: Assessment and Iteration in Topically-Driven Courses”, in Digital Humanities Quarterly 11, 4.
  25. Wilson, Jay / Yates, Tom / Gobeil, Marc / Aitken, Alec / Lewis, Kevin (2024): “Experiential learning assessment in post-secondary education”, in: The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 15, 3. doi.org/10.5206/cjsotlrcacea.2024.3.16934
  26. Wong, Zi Yang / Liem, Gregory Arief D. (2022): “Student engagement: Current state of the construct, conceptual refinement, and future research directions”, in: Educational Psychology 34: 107-138. doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09628-3
  27. Yates, Thomas / Wilson, Jay / Purton, Kendra (2015): “Surveying assessment in experiential learning: A single campus study”, in: The Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 6, 3. doi.org/10.5206/cjsotl-rcacea.2015.3.4